Polygon · Celo On-chain audit & analysis

The Colombian stablecoin
that has moved
US$2.05 billion

I was part of the team that built it. I can't show you the code — but the blockchain is public, so I audited every move it made. This is the story, told with data you can verify yourself.

events audited
317,696
gross volume
~US$2.05B
blockchains
2
peak month
$318M

Chapter 1 · The problem

I built something I can't show

I was part of the founding team that built COPM at Minteo: a Colombian peso stablecoin. We designed the systems, the workflows and the architecture that moved real money for years.

And here comes the classic engineer's problem: almost none of it can be shown. The code belongs to the company. The dashboards are internal. NDAs exist and are respected.

But there is one huge exception.

The blockchain is public by definition. Every COPM movement was recorded on Polygon and on Celo: verifiable by anyone, forever. It isn't internal information, or code, or intellectual property — it's the public record of what the system did.

So instead of asking you to take my word for it, I audited it. All of it.

Chapter 2 · The context

What is COPM? (explained without jargon)

A stablecoin is a digital peso: a token that is always worth the same as its reference currency. 1 COPM = 1 Colombian peso, backed by real pesos in a bank.

The system works like a currency exchange booth with two windows:

Mint — money comes in

Someone deposits pesos and receives COPM. New tokens are "minted" (created). On the blockchain it's recorded as a transfer from nowhere (the zero address).

Burn — money goes out

Someone returns COPM and receives pesos. The tokens are "burned" (destroyed). It's recorded as a transfer to nowhere.

Between those two windows, tokens move around: payments, settlements between companies, remittances. Every movement — every transfer — is recorded on the blockchain with amount, origin, destination and date. Forever.

This audit read all of those records. All 317,696 of them.

Chapter 3 · The method

How you audit a blockchain

No middlemen. No third-party dashboards. No "trust me". The pipeline talks directly to each blockchain through an RPC endpoint — a node's API door — which can be paid or public:

  1. Find the contract's birth Binary search over the chain until hitting the exact block where the contract appeared.
  2. Download every Transfer event From that block to today, in parallel, with automatic retries. Polygon: 196,796 events. Celo: 120,900.
  3. Put a date on every movement Every event lives in a block; every block has a timestamp. That builds the complete daily series.
  4. Rebuild the accounting Replaying the events in order: daily volume, mints, redemptions and circulating supply.
  5. Validate everything against the live chain Randomly sampled transfers are requested again directly from the blockchain, to confirm the scan matches reality.

Chapter 4 · Polygon

The institutional rail: US$2,034 million

Polygon is where the big operation lives: settlement between companies, large amounts, the bulk of the volume.

$2,034M gross volume in 996 days · 196,796 transfers · average ticket ~$10,300

The story has three acts:

Act 1 — the wait. The contract existed for 17 months before crossing 100 daily transactions. That's how B2B infrastructure scales: not through individual users, but through big integrations. Each new partner is a step, not a slope.

Act 2 — the explosion. November 2025: US$318.4 million in a single month. And within that month, the record day: on November 24, $38.6M moved in 2,597 transactions. Nine of the ten most active days in history fell between October and November 2025.

Act 3 — maturity. After the peak, volume settled at $60–95M per month… and in May 2026 it bounced back to $189.9M, with the second-best day ever ($31.5M on May 5).

COPM — Monthly Gross Volume (USD) Polygon 34 months · peak month: $318.4M $0$100.0M$200.0M$300.0M$400.0MSep 23Nov 23Jan 24Mar 24May 24Jul 24Sep 24Nov 24Jan 25Mar 25May 25Jul 25Sep 25$318.4MNov 25Jan 26Mar 26May 26 COPM 0x1205…6C23 · Polygon · Transfer events up to 2026-06-12 · source: on-chain RPC scan
COPM monthly gross volume on Polygon, in USD. The orange bar is the peak month.

Chapter 5 · Celo

The small-payments network: a US$96 ticket

Same token, different movie. On Celo, COPM doesn't move millions per transaction — it moves what people move.

$96 average ticket per transfer · 120,900 transfers · $11.7M total volume

Compare: the average transfer on Polygon moves ~$10,300. On Celo, ~$96. Two orders of magnitude apart — and that difference isn't noise, it's architecture: Polygon carries institutional settlement, Celo carries the profile of remittances, micropayments and end-user wallets.

And one detail that changes everything: here the takeoff didn't take 17 months. It took 6 weeks. The second chain doesn't start from zero — it inherits the partners, the operation and the use case already proven on the first one.

COPM — Monthly Gross Volume (USD) Celo 22 months · peak month: $2.2M $0$500K$1.0M$1.5M$2.0M$2.5MSep 24Oct 24Nov 24Dec 24Jan 25Feb 25Mar 25Apr 25May 25Jun 25$2.2MJul 25Aug 25Sep 25Oct 25Nov 25Dec 25Jan 26Feb 26Mar 26Apr 26May 26Jun 26 COPM 0xC92E…5606 · Celo · Transfer events up to 2026-06-12 · source: on-chain RPC scan
COPM monthly gross volume on Celo, in USD.

Chapter 6 · The synthesis

One currency, two roles

Seen together, the multi-chain design explains itself: each network serves the use case where it is strongest.

COPM — Monthly Transfers by Chain Polygon + Celo Transfer events per calendar month on each chain 010,00020,00030,00040,000PolygonCeloSep 23Nov 23Jan 24Mar 24May 24Jul 24Sep 24Nov 24Jan 25Mar 25May 25Jul 25Sep 25Nov 25Jan 26Mar 26May 26 COPM on Polygon + Celo · Transfer events up to 2026-06-12 · source: on-chain RPC scan
Monthly transactions per chain: the Celo → Polygon relay.

The chart tells the relay: Celo took off first in activity (its 18,491-transaction peak came in January 2025, 4 months after deploy) and Polygon took the baton with the institutional wave that culminated in November's record.

MetricPolygonCelo
Contract createdSep 2023Sep 2024
Contract on the explorer0x1205…6C23 ↗0xC92E…5606 ↗
Gross volume$2,034M$11.7M
Transfer events196,796120,900
Average ticket~$10,300~$96
Transfers per day (average)198191
Takeoff (>100 tx/day)17 months6 weeks
Peak month$318.4M (Nov 25)$2.15M (Jul 25)
Combined total~US$2,046M · 317,696 events
COPM — Cumulative Gross Volume by Chain (USD) Polygon + Celo Running total of on-chain volume since each deployment $0$500.0M$1.00B$1.50B$2.00B$2.50BSep 23Dec 23Mar 24Jun 24Sep 24Dec 24Mar 25Jun 25Sep 25Dec 25Mar 26Jun 26PolygonCelo COPM on Polygon + Celo · Transfer events up to 2026-06-12 · source: on-chain RPC scan
Cumulative volume per chain since each deploy.

Chapter 7 · The trust

Why believe these numbers?

Because you don't have to believe me — that's the point. Three reasons, none based on trust:

# reproduce everything with your own eyes
git clone https://github.com/juansacdev/copm-onchain-analysis.git
cd copm-onchain-analysis && cp .env.example .env
npm install && npm run audit:all

Want the full technical detail? The per-chain audits and the unified one live in the repository, in Spanish and English, with methodology, tables and limitations.

Chapter 8 · In the press

The press told it. The blockchain confirms it.

"Minteo surpassed US$200 million in monthly digital transactions [with COPM] on the Polygon network."

La República, September 2025 (paraphrase of the reported milestone)

That's what the Colombian financial press said in September 2025. This audit doesn't just confirm it with public data: it shows that two months later, in November, the system reached US$318.4 million in a single month.

When the record is public, milestones aren't declared. They're verified.

Appendix · Quick glossary

Twelve terms to read this story

Token
A unit of digital value that lives inside a blockchain. It can represent money (like COPM), an asset or a right. It moves between addresses through transfers.
Chain / blockchain
A public, shared record where every transaction is written into chained blocks, verifiable by anyone and impossible to edit backwards. Polygon and Celo are two different blockchains.
Contract (smart contract)
A program that lives on the blockchain and defines a token's rules: who can issue, how it transfers, how much exists. COPM's contract on Polygon was created in September 2023; the Celo one, in September 2024.
Ledger
An append-only accounting book: movements are recorded and never edited or deleted. The blockchain is, in essence, a giant public ledger — which is why this audit is possible.
Stablecoin
A token designed to always be worth the same as a reference currency. COPM: 1 token = 1 Colombian peso.
Peg
The parity promise. A "1:1 peg with bank deposits" means every token is backed by a real peso in a bank.
Mint / Burn
Creating tokens (money entered the system) / destroying tokens (money left). On the blockchain they appear as transfers from or to the "zero address".
Transfer event
The record left by every token movement: who sent, who received, how much and when. The atomic unit of this audit.
Circulating supply
The tokens that exist right now: everything minted minus everything burned.
RPC
A blockchain node's API door. It is the only data source of this audit — it can be a paid service or a free public one.
Velocity (turnover)
How many times the supply moves in a period. High velocity = the token is used to pay, not to store.
Settlement rail
Infrastructure whose job is to move value between parties — like the rails money runs on, not the warehouse where it is stored.